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・ Tell el-Fukhar (Jordan)
・ Tell el-Hammeh
・ Tell el-Hesi
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・ Tell en-Nasbeh
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・ Tell es-Safi
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Tell Ghoraifé
・ Tell Goran
・ Tell Hadar
・ Tell Halaf
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・ Tell Hamis
・ Tell Hammeh
・ Tell Hasan Basha
・ Tell Hassuna
・ Tell Hawsh
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・ Tell Hefyan
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・ Tell Her (Lonestar song)
・ Tell Her (Rizzle Kicks song)


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Tell Ghoraifé : ウィキペディア英語版
Tell Ghoraifé

Tell Ghoraifé ((アラビア語:تل غريفة)) is a prehistoric, Neolithic tell, about east of Damascus, Syria. The tell was the site of a small village of , which was first settled in the early eighth millennium BC.
A small, excavation was made on the tell by Henri de Contenson in 1974. The excavations revealed about of deposit on the site consisting of layers of mud, ashes and burned earth. The deposit at the site was phased into two levels owing to typological differences in the artifacts, but the site shows a continuous occupation through both phases.〔
Materials discovered, particularly the stylistic traits of the lithic tools, show similarities with Southern Levantine Pre-Pottery Neolithic A and Pre-Pottery Neolithic B sites. Tell Ghoraifé is closely related other Neolithic sites in the Damascus basin, like Tell Aswad and Tell Ramad. Despite the similarities these sites share with Euphrates valley sites such as building materials, pre-pottery White Ware and burial rites, they represent a separate, distinct group from the Euphrates valley.
Tell Ghoraifé is an important site to our understanding of the origin of agriculture. It is an example of a site with a long sequence over a millennium where the study of the evolution from wild to domesticated barley has taken place. Finds also included early domesticated wheat. The mammal fauna at Tell Ghoraifé shows a distinct change from level I to II. While both sheep and goats are found in both levels, their ratio in level II is a reversal of the 1 to 3 sheep-to-goat ratio found at level I.
== Literature ==

* de Contenson, H., ''Bibliothèque archéologique et historique 137 Aswad et Ghoraifé : sites néolithiques en Damascène (Syrie) aux IXème et VIIIème millénaires avant l'ère chrétienne'', Bibliothèque Archéologique et Historique, 137, Beirut, 1995
* van Zeist, W. Bakker-Heeres, J.A.H., ''Archaeobotanical Studies in the Levant 1. Neolithic Sites in the Damascus Basin: Aswad, Ghoraifé, Ramad - Palaeohistoria'', 24, 165-256, 1982.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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